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Mirza Ali Sheidaneh Morid, Mehdi Sharifi, Seyed Mahmoud Mmoeini,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract

The changing patterns of identity developments in housing architecture in the wake of the modern 20th-century architecture resulted in the creation of new types of residences in the world, especially in Iran. Previous research presumptively considered the traditional era housing as conforming to religious values, while contemporary housing (especially apartment types) was regarded to contradict those values. This study aims to find some accurate criteria based on Islamic principles to determine the accuracy of these hypotheses. Thus, the main question is: “Which Qur’anic values about the housing architecture can be elicited? The research goal is to explain the human values from the Qur’an in line with contemporary housing architecture. The research method includes a review of the literature and library sources, uses of the Qur’an and valuable Islamic sources, a field survey of the samples, and qualitative content analysis of the field interviews via the Delphi method. It also uses a semi-structured and deep interview style with academic and seminary experts of Tehran. In the end, the study 1) explained and determined the Qur’an based human values consistent with the contemporary housing architecture of Tehran on a five-point Likert scoring scale that included the following (the rates are on average): peace and comfort (4.9), intimacy (4.8), servitude (4.7), human dignity (4.7), privacy (4.6), safety, strength and firmness (4.6), humiliation (4.5), bio-sustainability factors (4.5), solitude (4.5), creativity (4.4), recitation of God’s names (4.2), dynamism and activity (4.1), proportions (4.1), satisfaction (4), self-confidence (4), order (4), applied decorations (3.9), social relations (3.9), the environment (3.8), house area (3.7); 2) determined the effects of 33 Qur’anic human values on Tehran’s traditional housing architecture to be 85%, and on contemporary Tehran’s apartment housing to be 15%, and 3) investigated through the expert consensus the application and manifestation of the privacy as one of the Qur’anic human values of this research in the traditional and contemporary housing architectures, with the results given in Table 4. In another analysis, the findings of this research were compared to those of the previous studies, and the case study of this study was compared during the reign of the Qajar and contemporary era apartments. These Qur’anic human values are presently diminishing or non-existing in contemporary Tehran’s apartment housing. This research can be applied for planning by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Ministry of the Interior, and Municipalities, as well as the Revolutionary Housing Foundation and the National Engineering Organization, and serve as a model for Islamic housing in cities andvillages.

Fatemeh Sanat, Mohammadmannan Raeesi, Hamed Hayati,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2026)
Abstract

One of the most important dimensions of the human–place relationship is the sense of place attachment, which develops when an individual interacts with an environment and forms meaning and emotional bonds toward it. This study addresses two questions: Which physical and non-physical components influence place attachment in apartment and detached houses? How does the level of attachment compare between these two housing types and by which indicators can they be contrasted? Which components play a more prominent role in each housing pattern?
Following a literature review, nine key indicators were identified and, through field investigation in the Shahid Mahallati Residential Town (District 1, Tehran), were regarded as the most pertinent challenges in the study area. The physical indicators comprised: form and dimensions of elements, spatial configuration and access, materials and finishes, and spatial privacy; the non-physical indicators comprised: meanings and symbols, activity and comfort, social interactions, individual characteristics, and memories and experiences.
The research adopts a survey design. Data were collected via 276 researcher-designed questionnaires; the sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS using independent-samples t tests, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression.
Findings indicate that in detached houses, physical indicators-particularly form and dimensions of elements and spatial privacy-exert the greatest influence on place attachment, as geometric proportions and hierarchical entry and visual separation between interior spaces ensure flexibility and tranquility. In contrast, in apartment buildings, spatial configuration and access together with quality of materials and finishes play a more prominent role; the simplicity and legibility of internal spatial relationships and the use of modern, high-quality materials reinforce attachment. Regarding non-physical indicators, activity and comfort and memories and experiences are most influential in detached houses, whereas social interactions emerge as the primary factor in apartment living. The indicators meanings and symbols and individual characteristics showed similar effects across both housing types. Overall, results suggest that place attachment in detached houses is more strongly rooted in spatial proportions, hierarchical organization, and mnemonic ties, while in apartments it is more contingent on construction quality and social interaction among residents.


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