Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

A house is built for humans to shelter from unfavorable natural conditions. It also has the function of providing human comfort and health, and in each geographical region, this pattern is built with special care and form. The factors affecting the current housing design have reduced human needs in terms of quantitative and economic aspects and several biological factors. Even though one of the basic conditions of desirable housing is to provide comfort and a healthy environment for humans, it seems that today architects have assigned this task to doctors. This is even though in the traditional system, with a holistic approach to problems, architects used medical and religious recommendations to build housing and observance of this issue with the knowledge of environmental and human factors affecting the health of the body and consequently the health of the human soul and spirit was considered as one of the principles of their designs. Considering the various health crises and the lack of environmental and housing health studies, it is a priority to review those experienced patterns. The main issue of the research is to find healthy housing design patterns in an ideal status and to improve the status quo in hot and dry climates. The main goal is to discover the medical roots of the form and health-oriented patterns in the house form so that after feasibility, the continuation of these patterns in the housing form can be investigated. This research is qualitative research with analytical and logical reasoning strategies. The indicators are adjusted using the traditional medicine approach. Comparative and interpretative studies of medicine and architecture have been done concerning recent research and referring to researchers of medicine and architecture to verify the validity of the indicators. The design patterns have been designed based on sample research, including the investigation of a range of traditional and contemporary houses in Kashan and the selection of their health-oriented aspects. The climate zone of hot and dry climate has been chosen due to covering a large part of the country and the need to adjust this climate to provide human health due to the increasing trend of the earth's temperature. The city of Kashan has been selected as a case study; Because traditional and almost pristine houses remain. Therefore, it is possible to analyze the health-oriented features in two ranges of traditional and contemporary houses, and this helps to provide better models. The results of the research show the health patterns of the housing sector in the three scales of the city, architecture, and space design. The health patterns of the housing sector on an urban scale with two variables show the patterns of residential block orientation and the structure of closed and open space for the ideal status including seven patterns and the modification of the existing situation including nine patterns. On the architectural scale, the zoning of housing spaces includes eight ideal and corrective patterns based on the environmental factors of health preservation - air, sleep and wakefulness, emotional and physical movement, and stillness. The design of the house spaces for two ideal and reforming the status quo has been done in line with the patterns presented for the urban and architectural scale. These spaces include an open space pattern for the yard and roof, a roofed space pattern for the porch and terrace, and a closed space pattern for the living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, water tank, and stairs.