Showing 2 results for Razzaq
Ali Riyadh Ali , Rakan Khalil Antar, Abdulghani Abdulrazzaq Abdulghafoor ,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (September 2024)
Abstract
Artificial intelligence-based optimization algorithm was used to compute the switching angle values. In order to run the inverter with the lowest possible Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value, it is suggested in this study to use an algorithm such as the Practical Swarm Algorithm (PSA). The multilevel inverter and optimization algorithm were created and simulated in this study using a MATLAB software. A frequency spectrum analysis was also conducted and found to be consistent with the theoretical analysis of the system. To provide practical results, the FPGA generates PWM signals that are appropriate for the inverter switches. On the Spartan-3E Starter set, the suggested control schemes were developed and put it into practice. Xilinx-ISE 12.1i design software and VHDL hardware description language were used to create the FPGA software. The suggested approaches have a number of benefits over conventional digital PWM techniques, including straightforward hardware implementation, minimum scaling of digital circuits, easy digital design, reconfigurable, and flexibility in adaptability. The outcomes of the experiment and the simulation agreed rather well.
Usman Masud, Abdul Razzaq, Faraz Akram, Ahmad Zeeshan,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (September 2026)
Abstract
Long-haul optical communication systems face challenges from nonlinear impairments, chromatic dispersion, and signal attenuation, which can degrade performance over long distances. To address these limitations and enhance transmission quality, this study introduces a 64-channel DenseWavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system. This system integrates Raman Fiber Amplifiers (RFA) and Dispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF) and achieves significant signal improvements. Specifically, a 15% increase in Q-factor and a 30% reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) are observed. At 600 km and 15 Gbps, the Q-factor rises from 5.9 to 6.5, and the BER falls from 6.1 × 10?7 to 2.3 × 10?7. Channel 64 demonstrates exceptional performance, reaching a peak Q-factor of 26.0374, exceeding all other channels. The efficacy of this hybrid RFA + DCF system is evident in mitigating nonlinear effects such as Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), and in improving Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR). These advancements pave the way for high-performance, long-distance optical communication, with potential for further optimization through Raman-EDFA hybrid amplification and channel spacing adjustments.
