@article{ 
author = {hashemiToghroljerdi, majid and noghrehkar, salman and kowsar, fatemeh},  
title = {Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Shiite shrine inscriptions; A case study of the Qibla door to the dome of the holy shrine of Imam Hossein (a.s.)}, 
abstract ={Through acknowledging the inclination of the world to transform around the existential axis of the Imams of Athar (a.s.) as the embodiment of God and models of flawless humanity, the ideal architectural markers of sacred shrines should be understood. Believers seek God's face in the Haram, which is a location of heavenly grace. In sacred shrines, signs and symbols of revelation are significant because Ashura is a portal of light leading to the interior of the Qiblah and a sign ensuring that the path is clear. Islamic art and architecture are visible representations of God's word, with spiritual-ritual inscriptions being the most common symbols that, by making truths manifest, provide a bridge between the material and the meaningful worlds. This article addresses the question of what conceptual-form model has been used to express the original religious concepts in the epic-religious architecture of this sacred path, with reference to religious-spiritual inscriptions as a permanent medium from the door of the Qibla to the dome of the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussein (AS). And the sacred shrine's dome, which represents Ahrar's quest for justice and serves as a point of connection between the earth and the sky, Using the analytical-interpretive method to take field observations and take pictures, it is determined that the sacred inscriptions of the Holy Shrine are set as a symbolic medium corresponding to the uprising of Imam Hussein (a.s.) in order to understand the text of the inscriptions in the dome and to know the type of writing and artistic format. The employment of Surah verses "Saf," "Yasin," and "Fajr" in the direction of the Qiblah to the inside of the dome has been more noticeable, despite the word of majesty "Allah," which is located in the center of some inscriptions. Surah "Fajr" in particular, which is a Surah about the holy existence of Imam Hussein (AS), has been recorded in the inscription of a scroll attached to the dome's land (the height of the leg and land is approximately 5 meters, and it is approximately 14 meters to the top and with a circular geometry system). The inscriptions also make the visit to Ashura and the holy place more evident. In 1373 AH, the renowned Qajar scribe Mohammad Hossein Shahid of Mashhad created a kind of calligraphy known as Tholut calligraphy. During this time, he was also successful in writing inscriptions for the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (a.s.). During the building phase, there was also discussion over the idea of four tranji inscriptions on the dome's leg, which would thank the Lord for the success of decorating and gilding the dome. Finally, taking into account the current plan to promote the holy dome of Imam Hussein (a.s.), this article suggests adding a mention of the unity and brotherhood between the two nations of Iran and Iraq in the inscriptions on the dome's leg, as well as repeating Surah Fajr in the leg's scroll inscription.},  
Keywords = {Bab-al Qibla, Surah Fajr, Inscription, The Holy dom of Imam Hussein},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-26}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.1},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1400-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1400-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gedaali, Qasem and Afshari, Mohse},  
title = {Temperament analysis of house spaces based on the presence of four elements, Case study of Bushehr historical houses}, 
abstract ={The present study is in order to investigate the temperament of home spaces based on the presence of four elements. The four elements, in addition to the direct effects on how to choose effective climatic solutions in architecture, have affected the temperament of the living spaces of the residents.The temperament of the space has led to the formation of unique features in each architectural work, including the architecture of houses in the historical context of Bushehr. In this research, by selecting the houses and mansions of Bushehr historical context as a statistical population, the temperament characteristics of its spaces in terms of how the four elements of the environment are affected have been discussed and analyzed. This is important with the aim of finding factors in the architecture of traditional houses and mansions of Bushehr due to the effects of the environment on its temperament by recognizing the temperament characteristics of each space by studying the presence of four characteristics of the environment as representative of the four main temperaments, ie four elements; water (humidity and sultry), wind (air flow), soil (structure and connection with the earth) and fire (sun) are performed on the spaces of the house, each of which represents the main temperaments. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze the temperament of home spaces based on the presence of four elements. And what are the temperament characteristics of the spaces in the historical houses of Bushehr? Research method In this research, it is a descriptive, descriptive-analytical method and content analysis of resources to identify sources and basics; data analysis has been done to analyze the houses of Bushehr historical context in two methods of sampling (deductive) and detailed analysis in order to reach a general (inferential) result. In accordance with the field findings and case studies, the spaces in the houses of the historical context of Bushehr include; yard, mahtabi, roof and staircase, porch and entrance hall, Shanshir, Tarmeh, corridors and escalators, rooms (in the types of five-door, four-door and three-door with one side opening, five-door, four-door and three-door with two-sided opening, five-door, four-door and three-door With three and four sides of the opening), reception (guest house), chamber (dining room), closet (chest of drawers), kitchen (kitchen), basin and toilets, the temperament characteristics of the spaces were examined. According to the findings, the results of the study of home space in the historical context of Bushehr are as follows: The temperament of the main living spaces and related spaces is balanced, warm, hot and dry (Rooms three, four and fifty and Shanashir); sub-residential spaces are cold-tempered (Closet, safe and rooms without opening); the temperament of open living spaces is warm and humid (Moonlight, Tarmeh and Bam); The temperament of communication spaces is balanced (Entrance halls, corridors, stairs and stairs); and service spaces are cold-tempered. (Kitchen, basin, water storage and services). Each of the elements and organs of the houses of Bushehr's historical context has its own temperament. Just as man has the most balanced temperament among creatures, and each organ has its own temperament, The elements of these houses are also built next to each other in order to create a balance of temperament. It is also more balanced than the environment and is effective with the lack of intensification of temperament characteristics of people living in houses of historical texture due to the temperament of space. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the temperament of the environment and the spaces of houses in the historical context of Bushehr show that The spaces that are the place of party, living and family residence are warm-tempered, lively spaces that are in line with the behavior of the often warm-tempered residents. Also, the dryness of the temperament of these spaces is in contrast to the more temperament of the environment and the inhabitants, which balances the humidity of the temperament of the environment and the people living in it, in order to prevent boredom and numbness in the space. The pauses between spaces and the entrances from the open space to the closed space are balanced. The central courtyard, entrance porch, corridors and stairs are among these spaces and the reason is the presence of four elements in the best possible way in these spaces, which have formed the moderate temperament of the space. Service spaces, ie safes, closets, kitchens and basins, due to the absence of the sun, are often cold-tempered, and activity in these spaces, which in turn causes the body to warm up and it acts to regulate the body's mood and helps people's health. The most important result of this study is to investigate the existence of diversity in the temperament of home spaces in the historical context of Bushehr, so that each of the spaces is appropriate and appropriate to how the residents live and work in it and people can be based on physical needs, and life in the spaces of Bushehr's home.},  
Keywords = {Bushehr historical houses, space, four elements, Temperament of space.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {27-46}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.2},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1587-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1587-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {fallah, masoud and Noghrekar, Abdul Hamid and SalehSadeghpour, bahram},  
title = {The structure of human processes (Salaam\'s theory) from the point of view of the epiphany of the truth of meaning in artifacts (Case Study: facade in the desired neighborhood from the perspective of Islam)}, 
abstract ={Based on the principle of unity of existence and its levels, all creatures have descended from the divine essence through stages. During these stages, all creatures become to exist by passing a journey from the world of meaning to the world of form. This journey causes each creatures to make an extent of benefit from the truth of meaning (on the base of Attribute of Qadr). This extent of epiphany of truth of meaning in artifact should liberate man from formal veils and guide him to the pure source of meaning. In this regard, man should prepare the context for this task by recognizing the truth of the meaning and the process of its descent. Therefore, this research tries to first: understand the structure of human processes (Salaam theory), and then, examine the possibility of synchronizing it with the process of descent of meaning. this may help to further manifestation of this spiritual source. For this reason, at first it is tried to explain the theoretical framework of the research with an interpretative-analytical approach. This framework is the process of the descent of meaning through divine action in the creatures. Then by explaining the theory of “Salaam” and using the method of logical reasoning, an effort is made to adapt this theory with the process of Devine action. Then, during the examination of this adaptation in an especial case, it will concluded that:  in order to manifest the truth of meaning in human artifacts, there should be a certain amount of interaction between" Asma al-fe’l" based on four Types of relations: marriage, confrontation, difference and cooperation. this amount should be recognized by professional ijtihad and used in the creation of artifacts.},  
Keywords = {“Salaam” Theory, Meaning, Face, Asma al-Hosna, Asma al-fe’l, Façade, Neighborhood},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {47-62}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.3},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1624-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1624-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {haddadeadel, fatemeh and mohammadmoradi, asghar and alalhesabi, mehr},  
title = {The foundations of the Islamic idea of place-making, the basis of participation in the regeneration of the historical context
Case study: Odlajan neighborhood}, 
abstract ={Islamic-Iranian urban planning is one of the most important topics and concerns of thinkers who consider the buildings and spaces of the city as a place in line with human behavior and his spiritual and spiritual excellence and address the physical characteristics of the desired city from the perspective of Islam. According to the comprehensive teachings of the religion of Islam in the Utopia promised to the righteous people of the earth and its characteristics; It is understood that man with his civic nature will reach peace through participatory urban planning, and one of the important characteristics of a good public space is participation. The identity crisis caused by the damage to the historical contexts weakens the sense of human dependence on the environment and his civic character, and as a result, reduces social participation. In this article, by examining the physical criteria desired by Islam in the field of re-creation of historical textures, in the historical neighborhood of Oudlajan, Tehran, as a sample of studies where re-creation measures have been carried out and the presence of people in the context was weak after the measures; With the aim of investigating and studying the relationship between the indicators of "participation-based localization in the recreation of historical textures" as a factor of creating "local attachment" and "participation" using mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) using a descriptive-analytical method based on the methods of content analysis of library documents and quantitative cross-sectional survey (asking experts) and the people of Oudlajan neighborhood) and qualitative (systematic observations of the texture), has investigated the foundations of the Islamic idea of place-making based on participation in the recreation of historical textures. The data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics method, the normality of the data was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and hypothesis testing was done by Spearman correlation coefficient and structural equations by PLS method and modeling by SmartPLS3 software. Validity was verified by professors and reliability was checked by reaching theoretical saturation point and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After successfully passing all structural model tests including path coefficients (beta) and its significance (T-Value), coefficient of determination index (R2), predictive correlation index (Q2), influence intensity index (F2) and colinearity index (VIF) for two groups of people and experts with High reliability verification and modeling were presented. Then, through the systematic observation of each research index and expert qualitative analysis, the results were reviewed and generalized and a general model was presented. Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that the human-oriented and place-oriented spaces bound to the values of the religion of Islam and the originality of the historical context, through the location of the participation based on the context and increasing the social participation resulting from it in the process of re-creation, will lead to the preservation of the historical context and its Iranian-Islamic existence and increase the spatial attachment and participation.},  
Keywords = {The Iranian-Islamic city, The natural civic nature of human beings, Regeneration of historical contexts, Participation-base place making},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {63-87}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.4},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1636-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1636-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taghi and Medghalchi, Leila and Mirahmadi, Ahm},  
title = {Cultural Explanation of Space Geometry in Architecture with Critical Realism Approach}, 
abstract ={Geometry is one of the important characteristics of architectural space, human is connected with architectural space and affects its creation. The field of architecture expresses a cultural category in which geometry is the tool for shaping space. The formation of architectural space is influenced by culture. The geometry of space is in a cultural framework and in the interaction between different dimensions and levels of space. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The general strategy of the research is retroduction and the purpose of the research is the cultural explanation of the geometry of space in architecture. This strategy is dedicated to the process of building hypothetical models that reveal real structures and mechanisms and is characteristic of the realism approach. With the approach of critical realism, in which it is possible to explain the phenomena in a general format and they can be investigated in a layered and comprehensive manner, the geometry of space based on culture is explained in architecture. In this approach, the reality of the phenomena can be examined in three levels: Empirical, Actual and Real. The real layer is at the last layer and is the causes and mechanisms of production of visible and invisible events that imply cultural affairs. Cultural geometry is not an absolutely real phenomenon or a completely represented relative one. In the analysis of the geometry of the space according to critical realism, three levels of geometry in the architectural space were identified: first; Formal-Physical that can be observed and measured based on logical and mathematical principles and rules, second; Perceptual-Behavioral that actually exists in the architectural space and causes environmental capabilities, but is not necessarily visible in an outward and explicit way, third; Constructional-Conceptual that deals with the mechanisms of the formation of architectural space by relying on anthropological, sociological issues and a more comprehensive expression of cultural issues. These levels have different characteristics and although they can be examined independently, they are connected and influence each other in the architectural space. Human creates architectural spaces based on social needs and necessities. In the creation of architectural space, geometry is validated and built, and as a result, geometry changes from a mental position to an objective position by receiving certain mechanisms and mechanisms, and the cultural geometry of the space is formed. At the constructional-conceptual level, space includes spatial meaning, spatial interpretation and perception, and under the influence of effective layers at this level, which are made of cultural factors, environmental factors, and economic factors, it creates events and capabilities in the architectural space, which in Communication with humans can be analyzed at the perceptual-behavioral level. The architectural space is produced on a formal-physical level and can be observed and examined using the senses and experience. The cultural geometry of space, due to its creditable and constructed nature, is updated with changes and developments in temporal- local conditions and the creation of new needs, which can be achieved by identifying concepts and receiving them, to reach newer and more original layers of reality. This complex and continuous system is changing and multiplying in all aspects of human life. With human actions in the architectural space, new needs and developments arise in which cultural and social relations are produced and reproduced, and finally, the cultural geometry of the space is associated with change and updating.},  
Keywords = {Cultural Geometry, Architectural Space, Levels of Space Geometry, Critical Realism Approach.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {88-106}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.5},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {malekkavkani, alireza and mozaffar, farhang and vafamehr, mohse},  
title = {Manifestation of spiritualism and virtue in geometry and ornaments of mosque nave}, 
abstract ={ Mosque is the most significant body in Muslim architecture, and geometry and ornamentals are  through the most important elements of the mosque architecture. In addition to the geometric role and beauty of mosque configuration, considering the mundain and spiritual aspects of mosques, it also conveys the meanings of Allah's beauty and gelorious names and attributes in the form of a physical configuration. This type of attitude towards geometry and ornamental decorations is recognized as semantic and virtue-oriented architecture. therefore, the main issue is the relationship between the geometry and ornamental decoration of the mosques with the  quality improvement of the space of the nave of mosques.  This relationship creates the necessity and importance of the geometry and ornamental decorations in architectural design of mosques  at which the sprituality aspects must be considred in addition to the appearnce and mundain configuration. In this research, various methods such as document research libraray, Delphi, and  case studies were utilized as well as the interview tools, questionnaires, surveys, and statistical analysis software. In order to collect the research-required information, some surveys interviews and questionnaires were  conducted and distributed among the related experts within six historical and contemporary eminent mosques, and the data were analyzed using statistical softwares. Conclusively, in addition to improving the quality of the physical configuration, the results indicate that paying attention to geometry and ornamental decorations of mosques causes the increase in spritual manifestation of meaning and beauty in mosques.},  
Keywords = {Shabestan, Mosque, Spritual Geometry, Ornaments},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {107-119}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.6},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1669-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1669-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HabibzadehOmran, Mohammad and Einifar, Alireza and Shahcheraghi, Azadeh},  
title = {Measuring Residents\' Satisfaction Based on Privacy and Collective interaction in the Spatial Organization of Residential Units
(A Case Study of Conventional Residential Apartment Units in Amol City)}, 
abstract ={Satisfaction with housing and residential environment is one of the aspects of life satisfaction. The relationship between solitude in personal spaces and collective interaction in the spatial organization of an apartment residential unit is one of the determining factors of the components affecting residents' satisfaction. Providing privacy for family members in the physical space of the residential unit is a foundation and a prerequisite for maintaining privacy and regulating internal relations and communication with the outside of the residential unit. The research question is, what is the relationship between spaces in the types of spatial organization of apartment residential units? What is the effect of the relationship between personal and collective spaces and inter-spaces of the residential unit on the level of satisfaction of the residents? And how can this satisfaction be improved with design solutions? The main goal of the research is to raise awareness for better design of apartment residential units. Other goals of the research can be to better understand the human relationship between the elements of the spatial organization of the residential unit, how to create a platform for individual privacy and collective communication between family members and guests, creating auditory and visual privacy in the interior of the residential unit and overlooking the neighboring units. The above research has benefited from residents to collect data and complete the questionnaire. The case study is limited to the common apartment housing of Amel city (row sets with medium height in three to six floors with spaces such as entrance, connecting stairs, open space and other common structural and facility elements). In these buildings, based on the study of the thesis documents registered in the central municipality of Amel, four types of residential units have been identified, whose spatial organization is the most frequent. The findings of the research show that the residents of apartment residential units have expressed relative dissatisfaction with the lack of necessary provisions in observing the transmission of sight and sound between the internal spaces, observing the necessary distance between the collective and personal spaces, the view from the entrance part of the unit and the openings of the facade to the internal spaces. The result of the research is to propose solutions for entrance design, geometry and plan fit, controlling sound transmission between the spaces of the residential unit, controlling the view from outside the unit and creating a useful space for pause and movement in the spaces between the two main parts of the unit. The research results can be generalized to similar cultures and cities in the north of the country. The table of research design solutions can be adjusted according to the cultural-climatic conditions of other regions of the country in order to develop design guides that are suitable for local cultures and special environments.},  
Keywords = {satisfaction, spatial organization, solitude, collective interaction, residential apartment units.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {120-141}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Science & Technology},

doi = {10.61186/jria.11.3.7},
url = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1671-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1671-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture},  
issn = {2382-980X}, 
eissn = {2382-980X}, 
year = {2023}  
}