per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 1 23 article Hirad Hosseinian hirad_hosseinian@yahoo.com 1 Jamaluddin Soheili soheili@qiau.ac.ir 2 Fariba Alborzi faalborzi@yahoo.com 3 Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran The process of figure structure and understanding message by the audience has a great value, as various visual elements such as point, line, level and volume can be affected on identifying this process. On one aspect, connection with human and its needs in architecture is determined, on the other hand, in some opinions and in relation to the architecture, set of available forces should be defined. Therefore, connection of this process has been linked with the principle of “geometry” and provides space integration as a creative composition. It is possible to obtain a productive structure based on set of rules, in lawful space of geometry in order to decompose complex shapes into a simple form. Where in Naqsh-e Jahan Square, which is one of masterpiece of Iranian architecture, these patterns are shown themselves in different history and periods. As far as, it has entered to the logical comparative phase, based on initial consequential analysis in the form of formation of the square with using logbooks and historical books and then with using geometric analysis of the square and turning this logic into a descriptive form which was in line with theories of Duran, Krier and Herdeg and based on principles such as integration, overlap, angular and rotational, in order to prepare a comprehensive principles for combining shapes toward a gradual evolution. Herdeg brings this overlap into the social classes from individuals to the clergy, which is a link between form and outlook of different stratums. In this research, it has been tried to winded up the effects of social and political principles on formation of the square with using classes such as individual, society and government and also with using visual tools that have been analyzed in this square in different times, and then by recognizing geometric principles between them and sharing with graphic geometry of each classes based on the combination of the complex and by answering to hypothesis such as: it is thought that evolution of Naqsh-e Jahan Square in various times has been due to overlap of geometry of the square with graphic geometry of each classes from individuals to the government, and, in order to prove a principle such as geometry as a basic principle in forming the square in various .times, because of assimilation of geometric quality of the space and connection of the classes. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1615-en.pdf Naqsh-e-Jahan Squareof Isfahan Formalists Shape process Formative process Geometric pattern per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 24 42 article zeinab hayati h.melina68@gmail.com 1 asghar molaee a.molaei@tabriziau.ac.ir 2 Certainly, all human activities, including the construction of cities, should provide a suitable environment for his life. The physical structure of cities and every part of them should remind people of spiritual and cultural principles and values. Principles and values should be planned in such a way that all human needs and abilities are taken into consideration. From the Islamic themes point of view, the key context for the flourishing of material and extra-material powers and needs is establishing the fourfold communication of human beings. This research aims to analyze the situation of facade construction in contemporary Iranian architecture, identify the jurisprudential and moral principles governing the facade of residential buildings and explain them according to the principles of Islamic Sharia. The fundamentals and the main roots of this issue and the topics related to it can be found in the Qur'an and hadiths. In this process, the documentary method was used to collect data, and qualitative content analysis and logical reasoning methods were used to analyze the data obtained from religious texts. After extracting the principles related to jurisprudence and ethics, the way they can be represented in the facade of residential buildings was explained. Lastly, to pathologize the existing situation and express the conflicts in the facade of residential buildings compared to the teachings of the Quran and Hadiths, the principles obtained based on the fourfold connections of human beings were examined. The results of this research reveal that contemporary residential facades are disruptive in all four types of relationships, and therefore, the most reproducibility regarding the weakened relationship is related to the relationship between humans and others. In a pathological look at facade architecture, it is determined that the result of the various damages mentioned and the negative impact on urban facades threatens all aspects of human life. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1544-en.pdf Jurisprudential principles Moral principles Fourfold connections Pathology Verses and hadiths per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 43 63 article MAHSA MIRSALAMI MAHSAMIRSALAMI@YAHOO.COM 1 ALI OMRANIPOUR a_omrani@kashanu.ac.ir 2 SARA SHAREATI Sara_shareati@qiau.ac.ir 3 MAHSAMIRSALAMI@YAHOO.COM a_omrani@kashanu.ac.ir a_omrani@kashanu.ac.ir As a behavioral center, the mosque establishes a deep bond with its audience. This connection has been an inseparable part of the functioning of the mosque during many centuries from the creation of mosques until today. Several factors play a role in the behavioral and perceptual experiences of the audience in man-made spaces, including mosques, among these factors; Changes in form, variety of species and body in the structure of mosques are involved in the behavioral and spatial experiences of the audience. In the last decade, we can witness an increase in the formation of neighborhood mosques in the city of Qazvin, and most of these mosques lack vitality, dynamism, and the desired level of attendance of the audience and have simply turned into prayer rooms, this causes the inability to create a link between the space and the audience. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of relationship between the shape-physical structure of mosques and its effect on the perception of the audience; As the type of geometry, proportions, accesses at the same level, classes and spatial hierarchies, create different perceptual and behavioral experiences for users. On the other hand, the diversity and adaptability of activities and perceptual interfaces affected by the body of mosques on the attendance rate of the audience in the mosque have been examined. The research method in this research is the use of two quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection: the data has been collected through activity reports, questionnaires and informal interviews, which is a comprehensive picture of case samples with characteristics related to quality and spatial configuration. The spaces of the investigated mosques provide the type of perception of the audience and the types of performance. According to the mentioned cases, it is possible to match the syntactic indicators of depth with the physical factors of architecture and use depth indicators to measure the control of arenas and the level of permeability in the mosque environment. Also, by referring to the metric depth in the drawings of the space and the data obtained from the space of the selected samples, it can be examined. In the analysis, the indicators of the depth of the space and the number of thresholds and the location of the middle spaces in the diagram and the percentage of their occupied area in relation to the whole building are used. Since the method of space syntax deals with physical factors in a form and only on one level (the possibility of analyzing the difference of levels is not possible with the method of space syntax), this causes the continuation of the research in order to investigate some physical factors and the relationship between perceptual and behavioral components. Correlation method and formulating a questionnaire should be used on the attendance rate. According to the previous explanations, 240 questionnaires were distributed among the audience of selected mosques, of which 217 questionnaires were completed by the users according to the sample size. Therefore, in mosques with a central courtyard structure, one can observe the variety and adaptability of desirable activities of users in the mosque environment. Limitations in the proportions and spatial distribution of contemporary mosques due to their class nature have caused the interference of arenas and the lack of variety of activity events and behavioral sequences in such mosques, the behavioral currents in the field of essential, optional and social activities have been separated into classes. He says that this leads to the lack of diversity and adaptability of activities in the environment of class mosques and the attendance rate in them decreases compared to the mosques in the central courtyard; The findings of the research indicate that the classification and physical components of architecture such as distribution and interconnection, depth, spatial connection, arrangement and communication of internal accesses on diversity, activity adaptability and also the type of perception of the audience according to the perceptual mediators (needs and preferences) with the duration of the stop and The attendance rate of mosque users creates a strong and direct connection. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1499-en.pdf Mosque Sorting Framework Performance Perception Attendance per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 64 82 article Mirza Ali sheidaneh morid Morid100@yahoo.com 1 Mehdi Sharifi Mahdisharifi76@yahoo.com 2 Seyed Mahmoud Mmoeini mmoeini.arch@ yahoo.com 3 Department of Architecture, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Assistant Professor Architecture, Department of Architecture, Doroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Doroud Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran The changing patterns of identity developments in housing architecture in the wake of the modern 20th-century architecture resulted in the creation of new types of residences in the world, especially in Iran. Previous research presumptively considered the traditional era housing as conforming to religious values, while contemporary housing (especially apartment types) was regarded to contradict those values. This study aims to find some accurate criteria based on Islamic principles to determine the accuracy of these hypotheses. Thus, the main question is: “Which Qur’anic values about the housing architecture can be elicited? The research goal is to explain the human values from the Qur’an in line with contemporary housing architecture. The research method includes a review of the literature and library sources, uses of the Qur’an and valuable Islamic sources, a field survey of the samples, and qualitative content analysis of the field interviews via the Delphi method. It also uses a semi-structured and deep interview style with academic and seminary experts of Tehran. In the end, the study 1) explained and determined the Qur’an based human values consistent with the contemporary housing architecture of Tehran on a five-point Likert scoring scale that included the following (the rates are on average): peace and comfort (4.9), intimacy (4.8), servitude (4.7), human dignity (4.7), privacy (4.6), safety, strength and firmness (4.6), humiliation (4.5), bio-sustainability factors (4.5), solitude (4.5), creativity (4.4), recitation of God’s names (4.2), dynamism and activity (4.1), proportions (4.1), satisfaction (4), self-confidence (4), order (4), applied decorations (3.9), social relations (3.9), the environment (3.8), house area (3.7); 2) determined the effects of 33 Qur’anic human values on Tehran’s traditional housing architecture to be 85%, and on contemporary Tehran’s apartment housing to be 15%, and 3) investigated through the expert consensus the application and manifestation of the privacy as one of the Qur’anic human values of this research in the traditional and contemporary housing architectures, with the results given in Table 4. In another analysis, the findings of this research were compared to those of the previous studies, and the case study of this study was compared during the reign of the Qajar and contemporary era apartments. These Qur’anic human values are presently diminishing or non-existing in contemporary Tehran’s apartment housing. This research can be applied for planning by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Ministry of the Interior, and Municipalities, as well as the Revolutionary Housing Foundation and the National Engineering Organization, and serve as a model for Islamic housing in cities andvillages. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1461-en.pdf Qur’an human values architecture apartments contemporary per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 83 101 article Azin Ataei ataieazin@gmail.com 1 Jamaladdin Soheili soheili@qiau.ac.ir 2 Maryam Armaghan maryam.armaghan@gmail.com 3 Ali Akbar Heidari aliakbar_heidari@iust.ac.ir 4 Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. The quality improvement of the environment to ensure the citizens’ satisfaction with urban planning processes is one of the fundamental development principles. The environment results from activities, concepts and physical characteristics, and the user perception provides an analytical approach to spatial judgment. The importance of responding to the different perceptual levels of the individual by different environmental factors indicates the necessity of investigating the environment quality from the perspective of perceptual experience. Therefore, the crisis of the expansion of environments without experiential usefulness resulting from functionalist approaches causes inefficiencies in meeting needs, which endangers urban life along with damaging behavioral mechanisms. This study aimed to explain the effectiveness of environmental quality on the experiential perception of the residents of two garden cities in Alborz province with the assumption of the existence of a relationship between the environment quality in public spaces and the audience perception to answer the nature of this relationship. The village has controlled traffic, limited services, and enclosed bodies separated from the urban context, but Mehrshahr is equipped with neighborhood services without peripheral restrictions and traffic control, whose space syntax was preserved during joint construction. Two garden cities were compared based on the effects of different contextual features on the users' experience regarding the satisfaction level concerning the aesthetic and physicalspatial components. This descriptive-analytical and mixed study was conducted by the random distribution of questionnaires among the residents, and variables were analyzed with SPSS and hypothesis testing using t-statistics. The results revealed that the perimeter fence and checkered structure of the village ensured the enclosure by creating communities through plant demarcation, and the lack of neighborhood walls and inclusiveness of the passages increased the continuity with the benefit of the corridors of view to the open spaces. The variety of formic houses in Mehrshahr, along with curvilinear design by changing the viewing angle, improved the spatial contrast and the coordination of the volume, façade, use of buildings, visual proportions, and the pedestrian axis satisfied the scale criteria. Personal gardens, natural landscapes, and visual-motor diversity in both collections have created equal aesthetic quality standards. Finally, the main success factors of the perceptual experience were inviting people tired of the boredom of hectic urban life, continuous greenness on the outer wall, enhancing the visual beauty of the neighboring urban texture landscape in the village, and emphasizing the order and geometric schema in Mehrshahr. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1570-en.pdf Human perception environment residential type of garden city Alborz province per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 102 121 article Saba Arianpour sabaarianpour@yahoo.com 1 Hassan SajadZadeh hsa.urban@gmail.com 2 GholamReza Talischi GhoTa.Archi@gmail.com 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bo Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bo Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran According to the prevailing view in architectural and urban studies, the bazaar is described as the backbone of the spatial and social structure of Iranian cities. However, various studies on public spaces, especially commercial centers in Iran, show that despite the small growth of these buildings; They have serious weaknesses in the field of quality. In a way that has caused the degradation of qualitative components and the failure of many spaces designed in the contemporary era has been seen. Recognizing this issue and the lack of behavioral-spatial studies in markets and commercial centers in this article, we have tried to study the relationship between environmental quality in various dimensions, including space with current activities in traditional markets and new commercial centers. Because there seems to be a significant relationship between the type of current activities and the success of the behavioral camp. The research method is mixed and based on observing the range of current activities, spatial configuration analysis and questioning of space users. The study area includes the traditional market of Boroujerd and Diplomat Shopping Center have been selected as two architectural models. For this purpose, 2 behavioral camps in the traditional market and 1 camp in the Diplomat Center were studied. Space Syntax analysis variables included "Integration ", "depth" and "connection". According to Jan Gehl's theory, current activities are divided into three groups: "mandatory", "optional" and "social", and the quality of the environment is divided into four categories: "objective-structural", "objective- functional", and "objective-environmental", "Mental-spatial", "mental-semantic" is divided. The hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis method in SPSS.23 software. It was concluded that the studied behavioral camps, due to their high physical quality, allow the occurrence of selective activities that are more dependent on the physical and physical conditions of the environment than other activities. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between voluntary and interconnected activities in the studied behavioral camps http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1506-en.pdf Behavioral Setting Behavioral Pattern Activity Iranian Bazzar Space Syntax per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 122 136 article Maryam ghasemi sichani mghasemi@gmail.com 1 Faezeh shamshiri shamshiri.faezeh@gmail.com 2 Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Historical houses are of special importance in terms of architectural principles and geometric features. This study examines the characteristics of the geometric principles adopted in the houses of the Safavid and Qajar periods. The main goal is to know the geometric characteristics of the courtyard and facade in historical houses and to investigate their influence on each other. Extensive research has been done in this area, but no study has been done to examine the length of the yard to the height of the facade and the ratio of the length to the width of the yard. The statistical population of this study includes historical houses in the central courtyard of Isfahan city, from which 15 houses have been selected and investigated by purposeful sampling. The methodological approach of the research is based on field studies and geometric-arithmetic analysis. The tools used are drawing and AutoCAD drawing software. If the axis of the courtyard is north-south in the studied houses, the facades in the rectangular houses with two, three, and four fronts are placed in such a way that the north facade is higher than the other three facades, and if the axis of the yard is east-west, this phenomenon does not exist. Views and their orientation in the yard are one of the most influential components in obtaining the appropriateness of the yard to the Facades. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1588-en.pdf historical houses introverted houses yard proportions facade proportions Isfahan. per Iran University of Science & Technology Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture 2382-980X 2382-980X 2023-03 11 1 137 160 article maziar sardari maziarsardari@yahoo.com 1 leial zare zare.leila@gmail.com 2 avideh talaei depart_talaei@yahoo.com 3 vahid ghobadiyan vah.qobadiyan@iauctb.ac.ir 4 Ph.D Candidate in Architecture, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch. Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch. Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch. Assistant Professor of Architecture, Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Center Tehran Branch. Traditional architecture is a term that has been used after the modernization period in Iran and has been discussed in the speeches of many architects, books and articles, and has been criticized in architecture schools. After the Islamic Revolution and the closure of foreign construction companies in Iran, many famous architectural companies were closed or semi-active. With the outbreak of war and economic sanctions, construction activities declined, and during the eight years of the war, most construction activities were carried out on a small scale, and government projects were often aimed at completing pre-revolutionary construction projects. Some of these few constructions have led to the production of traditional-style buildings that are important to identify and describe because they are intertwined with the culture, history, and transcendent quality of past architecture, and the degenerate identity of today's architectural buildings can be found. This is unknown research that, what styles and how many buildings are there, based on the ideology of these styles in order to continue the rich and traditional Iranian architecture, during the eight-year war. Achieve them is the main purpose of research. In this research, which is interpretive-historical method and analytical-comparative measures, architectural styles are introduced in this historical period to extract styles that have the characteristics of traditional Iranian architecture. Data collection is in the form of documentary studies that will identify buildings with traditional bodies. The results of the research show that during the Eight-Year War, buildings of three styles of "traditionalist architecture", "late modern architecture" and "postmodern architecture" were built in the country. In the meantime, modern architecture lacks traditional features in the body of buildings, but the two styles of traditionalism and postmodernism, that were designed and executed eleven prominent buildings based on their architectural theories, will have traditional Iranian architectural components. Finally, the physical characteristics of each will be analyzed. http://jria.iust.ac.ir/article-1-1605-en.pdf traditional architecture imposed war architectural style prominent buildings.