Nova Pangastuti, Hubertus Davy Yulianto, Irma Rizkia, Fransiska Mulyani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (10-2025)
Ensuring equitable food distribution across geographically dispersed archipelagic regions remains a critical challenge for public food security programmes in ASEAN. Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meal Programme (Program Makan Bergizi Gratis/MBG) faces significant logistical constraints in its outermost (3T) regions, where fragmented transportation networks, limited cold-chain infrastructure, and heavy dependence on external suppliers reduce supply chain reliability. Although previous studies have applied the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model or the House of Risk (HOR) framework independently, limited research has integrated the Supply Chain Operations Reference Digital Standard (SCOR-DS) and HOR to simultaneously evaluate supply chain performance and prioritize operational risks in public food distribution systems. This study proposes an integrated SCOR-DS–HOR framework to evaluate supply chain performance, identify critical risk agents, and determine priority mitigation strategies for the MBG programme. Data were collected from 54 stakeholders representing suppliers, logistics providers, programme administrators, and government agencies through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Supply chain performance was assessed using SCOR-DS Level 1 metrics, while HOR Phases I and II were employed to prioritize risk agents and evaluate mitigation alternatives using the Effectiveness-to-Cost Ratio (ETCR). The findings indicate that the MBG supply chain operates at a vulnerable level, with a Perfect Order Fulfilment (POF) score of 75.4%. The most critical risk agents are inadequate cold-chain infrastructure, dependence on external suppliers, and maritime transportation disruptions, accounting for more than 60% of total operational risk. The most cost-effective mitigation strategies include improving pre-cooling procedures, strengthening partnerships with local suppliers, and increasing emergency safety stock. This study contributes an integrated decision-support framework that links supply chain performance evaluation with risk prioritization to strengthen public food logistics resilience in Indonesia's outer islands and other ASEAN archipelagic regions.
