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Nor Mazlina Ghazali, Aqilah Yusoff, Wan Marzuki Wan Jaafar, Salleh Amat, Edris Aden, Azzahrah Anuar,
Volume 34, Issue 2 (IJIEPR 2023)
Abstract

The research aimed to determine the best components of Malaysia-Counsellor Performance Indicator in measuring the counsellor’s performance in Malaysia. This is the first development phase of the M-CPI. This study involved two type of research designs; quantitative and qualitative approach (Mixed Method). The quantitative data has been obtained from 102 respondents and interview with eight (8) counsellors from different settings. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select the respondent and proportional stratification was used to determine the sample size of each stratum. A Need Assessment questionnaire has been developed by the researchers as well as the protocol interview. These two instruments were developed based on the literature reviews of previous instruments that have been invented from the western perspective to measure the performance and competency of counsellors. The results of the study were analysed using the descriptive analysis and thematic analysis. Findings have shown that majority counsellors possessed knowledge and skills in conducting counselling session. Most counsellors in the study demonstrated good interpersonal relationship, interaction, multicultural and religiosity and ethics and professionalism. Through this study, to measure the performance of counsellors, the researchers have found that they must equip themselves with knowledge, skill, interpersonal relationship, interaction, multicultural and religiosity and ethics and professionalism aspects. Based on the interview data, there were new  components that have been identified to be added in the Malaysia Counsellor Performance Indicator (M-CPI) which include knowledge (theoretical and knowledge transfer), skills (case management, practical skills and academic/professional writing), interpersonal relationship and interaction, cultural and religiosity, professional roles and expertise, ethics and legality, attitudes and personality, referral and articulate philosophy of profession. In future, research should also focus on the validity and reliability of the components listed in the M-CPI.
 
Mohd Hasni Chumiran, Abdullah Al Rashid Ab Hamid, Muhammad Firdaus Md Rawi, Ahmad Anwar Safwan Sidek, Mohd Zarir Yusoff,
Volume 36, Issue 4 (IJIEPR- In Progress- Special Issue 2025)
Abstract

Industry 4.0 is transforming manufacturing skill requirements, emphasizing problem-based learning that integrates Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE). This conceptual study introduces ergonomic cognition as a framework to understand how students perceive, respond to, and apply ergonomic principles in simulation-based learning. Guided by the Ontology of Techniques for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment (OTILIA), the study combines cognitive learning theories with ergonomic reasoning to explore student engagement in Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), focusing on CO₂ laser cutting. A focus group of 21 final-year students from the Bachelor of Technology Management (Furniture Design and Manufacturing) program at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia participated. Data were collected using the think-aloud method and analyzed through prescriptive coding based on studio themes. Descriptive statistics were used to track behavior across the three HFE domains: physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. Findings reveal that integrating CO₂ laser cutting enhances ergonomic cognition -  improving precision, customization, material efficiency, time management, and the learning curve during 3D miniature furniture production. The results support a triangular prescription framework linking ergonomic reasoning, interactive tools, and iterative design. Sustainability competencies were also embedded, prompting students to consider environmental impact, material use, and usability. This approach equips future designers to create eco-conscious, ergonomic, and industry-ready products aligned with sustainable smart manufacturing goals.
 


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