en Direct Lightning Direct Lightning Only For Articles of ELECRiS 2024 Only For Articles of ELECRiS 2024 <span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Overvoltage </span></span><span lang="EN-ID" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">at the insulator terminal caused by a lightning strike can occur in two ways, i.e., a direct lightning strike on the phase line and ground wire. The insulator can be exposed to the phenomenon of back flashover (BFO) if the terminal voltage of the insulator is higher than its insulator critical voltage The lightning current characteristics are distinguished by the maximum current and the steepness. Differences in the characteristics in this study are identified as International Electrical Commission (IEC) and Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques (CIGRE) impulse waveform standards. </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The footing-tower grounding system comes in different configurations, such as horizontal, vertical, and grid. Alternative transient program (ATP) software was used for simulating lightning strikes on ground wire and phase lines. <a name="_Hlk172789962">The results exhibit that the highest critical voltage of the insulators on the footing tower through grid grounding when the surge current strikes ground wire (3308kV &ndash; 3395 kV), with the magnitude of the lightning current ranging from (48 kA &ndash; 3395 kA). For lightning direct stroke on the phase line, the critical voltage on vertical grounding is highest </a><a name="_Hlk191830756">on</a> (2938 kV -3021 kV). &nbsp;The surge current flow footing-tower is highest on the grid<span style="color:#c00000">. </span>The currents magnitude flow in footing tower were influenced by impedance of grounding.</span></span> Back flashover voltage, Lightning current, String insulator, footing-tower grounding and ATP software. 136 145 http://ijeee.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5513-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Surya Hardi surya.hardi@usu.ac.id 1800319475328460016505 1800319475328460016505 Yes Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan-Indonesia. Ferry R. A. Bukit 1800319475328460016506 1800319475328460016506 No Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan-Indonesia. Irfan Nofri 1800319475328460016507 1800319475328460016507 No Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan- Indonesia. Riza R. Wirasari 1800319475328460016508 1800319475328460016508 No Universitas Alwasliyah (Univa) Medan, Medan-Indonesia. Muhd Hafizi Idris 1800319475328460016509 1800319475328460016509 No Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia. Muzamir Isa 1800319475328460016510 1800319475328460016510 No Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy (CERE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia.