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Showing 3 results for Virtual Power Plant
A Bilevel Scheduling Approach for Modeling Energy Transaction of Virtual Power Plants in Distribution Networks
F. Nazari, A. Zangeneh, A. Shayegan-Rad,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract

By increasing the use of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network operation, an entity called virtual power plant (VPP) has been introduced to control, dispatch and aggregate the generation of DGs, enabling them to participate either in the electricity market or the distribution network operation. The participation of VPPs in the electricity market has made challenges to fairly allocate payments and benefits between VPPs and distribution network operator (DNO). This paper presents a bilevel scheduling approach to model the energy transaction between VPPs and DNO.  The upper level corresponds to the decision making of VPPs which bid their long- term contract prices so that their own profits are maximized and the lower level represents the DNO decision making to supply electricity demand of the network by minimizing its overall cost. The proposed bilevel scheduling approach is transformed to a single level optimizing problem using its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Several scenarios are applied to scrutinize the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model. 


Cooperative Decision Making of DERs in a Joint Energy and Regulation Market in Presence of Electric Vehicles
S. Arefi Ardakani, A. Badri,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Today due to increasing and evolving of electrical grids, the optimal and profitable energy production is among producers' major concerns. Thus, conventional ways of production and trading energy are being replaced by modern economical procedures. In addition, distributed energy resources (DERs) in form of renewable and conventional resources as well as responsive loads play an important role in this issue. The mutual problem of DERs in joining power market is their rather small production compared to other units and intermittency of the corresponding resources. Forming coalition is an effective way to overcome DER difficulties for participating in power market. In this paper the problem of optimal bidding strategy of DERs integrated as a virtual power plant is investigated. Based on the proposed method, cooperative game is employed to obtain optimal DER outputs and the results are compared with individual non-cooperative bidding model. In order to mitigate the intermittent nature of renewable energies, existence of electric vehicles (EVs) as energy storage facilities in the proposed coalition is investigated. Due to the associated uncertainties regarding EVs and DERs, a stochastic optimization model is used. Finally, Shapley value method is employed to obtain corresponding allocated profits. Results show the eminence of forming coalition in terms of acquiring payoffs and optimal contributions.

An Information Gap Decision Theory Approach for Optimal Bidding of a Virtual Power Plant under System Uncertainties
A. Ghanuni, R. Sharifi, H. Feshki Farahani,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Operation scheduling of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) includes several challenges for the system according to the uncertain parameters, and security requirements, which intensify the need for more efficient models for energy scheduling and power trading strategies. Making suitable decisions under uncertainties, related to Renewable Energy Resources (RES), loads, and market prices impose extra considerations for the problem to make a clearer insight for the system operators to participate in local markets. This paper proposes a new risk-based hybrid stochastic model to investigate the effects of wind turbine power fluctuations on profit function, energy scheduling, and market participating strategies. Also, an incentivized Demand Response Program (DRP) is used, to enhance the system’s efficiency. The results of the study indicate that the proposed model based on Information Gap Decision Theory (IGDT) approach makes a clearer environment for the decision-maker to be aware of the effects of risk-taking or a risk-averse strategy on financial profits. The results show that a 30% of robustness and opportunity consideration would change the profit function from -12.5% up to 14.5%, respectively. A modified IEEE 33 bus test system is used to simulate a technical VPP considering the voltage stability and thermal capacity of line requirements.

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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee IUST, Tehran, Iran. This is an open access journal distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.