Showing 13 results for Operation
Reza Noroozian , Mehrdad Abedi , Gevorg B. Gharehpetian , Seyed Hossein Hosseini ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (6-2009)
Abstract
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generation system for off-grid and on-grid operation and configuration. A fuel cell DG system consists of a fuel cell power plant, a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC inverter. The dynamic model for fuel cell array and its power electronic interfacing are presented also a multi-input single output (MISO) DC/DC converter and its control scheme is proposed and analyzed. This DC/DC converter is capable of interfacing fuel cell arrays to the DC/AC inverter. Also the mathematical model of the inverter is obtained by using average technique. Then the novel control strategy of DC/AC inverter for different operating conditions is demonstrated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested control systems under both on-grid and off-grid operation modes.
S. H Mirhosseini, A. Ayatollahi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
Abstract- A novel low-voltage two-stage operational amplifier employing resistive biasing is presented. This amplifier implements neutralization and correction common mode stability in second stage while employs capacitive dc level shifter and coupling between two stages. The structure reduces the power consumption and increases output voltage swing. The compensation is performed by simple miller method. For each stage an independent common-mode feedback circuits has been used. Simulation results show that power consumption is 2.1 mW at 1V supply. The dc gain of the amplifier is about 70 dB while its output swing is as high as around 1.2V.
M. Sharma, K. P. Vittal,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
The recent trends in electrical power distribution system operation and management are aimed at improving system conditions in order to render good service to the customer. The reforms in distribution sector have given major scope for employment of distributed generation (DG) resources which will boost the system performance. This paper proposes a heuristic technique for allocation of distribution generation source in a distribution system. The allocation is determined based on overall improvement in network performance parameters like reduction in system losses, improvement in voltage stability, improvement in voltage profile. The proposed Network Performance Enhancement Index (NPEI) along with the heuristic rules facilitate determination of feasible location and corresponding capacity of DG source. The developed approach is tested with different test systems to ascertain its effectiveness.
A. Tavakoli, A. Gholami,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) have different specifications in proportion to air-insulated substations. Transformer failures related to lightning and switching are often reported in the gas insulated substation (GIS). This problem is the voltage magnifications due to reflections of switching and lightning surges at various junctions within the GIS. thereby overvoltages in GIS are more important than air-insulated substation. There are methods to suppress the stresses created by lightning and switching. However, these methods are suitable before installing the substation and during the substation design period. This paper presents feasible methods for mitigation of the overvoltage magnitude. The advantages of the proposed methods are their simplicity and low cost for implantation along with producing minimal changes in the installed GIS.
F. Mohseni-Kolagar, H. Miar-Naimi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Due to the nonlinear nature of the Bang-Bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs), its
transient analysis is very difficult. In this paper, new equations are proposed for expression
of transient behavior of the second order BBPLLs to phase step input. This approach gives
new insights into the transient behavior of BBPLLs. Approximating transient response to
reasonable specific waveform the loop transient time characteristics such as locking time,
peak time, rise time and over shoot are derived with acceptable accuracy. The validity of
the resulted equations is verified through simulations using MATLAB SIMULINK.
Simulation results show the high accuracy of the proposed method to model BBPLLs
behavior.
A. Zakariazadeh, Sh. Jadid,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Microgrid (MG) is one of the important blocks in the future smart distribution systems. The scheduling pattern of MGs affects distribution system operation. Also, the optimal scheduling of MGs will be result in reliable and economical operation of distribution system. In this paper, an operational planning model of a MG which considers multiple demand response (DR) programs is proposed. In the proposed approach, all types of loads can participate in demand response programs which will be considered in either energy or reserve scheduling. Also, the renewable distributed generation uncertainty is covered by reserve prepared by both DGs and loads. The novelty of this paper is the demand side participation in energy and reserve scheduling, simultaneously. Furthermore the energy and reserve scheduling is proposed for day-ahead and real-time. The proposed model was tested on a typical MG system in connected mode and the results show that running demand response programs will reduce total operation cost of MG and cause more efficient use of resources.
M. Azadegan, S. Ozgoli, H. Taghirad,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
This paper proposes a new bilateral control scheme to ensure both transparency and robust stability under unknown constant time delay in stiff environment. Furthermore, this method guaranties suitable performance and robust stability when transition occurs between soft and stiff environments. This framework is composed of an adaptive sliding mode controller and an adaptive impedance controller, where online estimation of the environment impedance is performed, and then used as the desired impedance at the master side. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results under different conditions, such as constant and time-varying delay, obstructed environment and transitioning between soft and stiff environment. Afterwards, comparison with a recent work is addressed.
M. A. Taghikhani, A. Sheikholeslami, Z. Taghikhani,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
This paper presents a new method for evaluation and simulation of inrush current in various transformers using operational matrices and Hartley transform. Unlike most of the previous works, time and frequency domain calculations are conducted simultaneously. Mathematical equations are first represented to compute the inrush current based on reiteration and then Hartley transform is used to study harmonic effects in the frequency domain. Being a real valued function and accordingly giving results with the higher speed of calculations are the main features of Hartley transform. The inrush problem is initially solved for single-phase transformers for switching at different angles of the voltage waveform using this method and then the results of harmonic domain are compared with that of Fourier transform. The methodology is also applied to three-phase three-limb transformers since the analysis of their transient behavior is significant owing to the flux coupling interactions in multi-leg core structures. The feasibility and efficacy of the method is illustrated with appropriate circuits and MATLAB code is developed to get the time and frequency domain waveforms with high accuracy. The results are helpful to identify and evaluate inrush current harmonic effects in various transformers and hence the efficiency of the method is verified.
N. Okati, M. R. Mosavi, H. Behroozi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Node cooperation can protect wireless networks from eavesdropping by using the physical characteristics of wireless channels rather than cryptographic methods. Allocating the proper amount of power to cooperative nodes is a challenging task. In this paper, we use three cooperative nodes, one as relay to increase throughput at the destination and two friendly jammers to degrade eavesdropper’s link. For this scenario, the secrecy rate function is a non-linear non-convex problem. So, in this case, exact optimization methods can only achieve suboptimal solution. In this paper, we applied different meta-heuristic optimization techniques, like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Partial Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bee Algorithm (BA), Tabu Search (TS), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO). They are compared with each other to obtain solution for power allocation in a wiretap wireless network. Although all these techniques find suboptimal solutions, but they appear superlative to exact optimization methods. Finally, we define a Figure of Merit (FOM) as a rule of thumb to determine the best meta-heuristic algorithm. This FOM considers quality of solution, number of required iterations to converge, and CPU time.
H. Faraji Baghtash, Kh. Monfaredi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
A novel active feedback frequency compensation scheme is presented in this work. Based on the proposed technique, an amplifier with two main poles in its frequency bandwidth can be easily compensated by introducing a pole-zero pair in a local feedback. The proposed method is mathematically analyzed and then based on the derived formulations, a design procedure is established. The capability of the proposed technique is examined considering a well-known two-stage amplifier, considering just a trivial modification on its input stage. To gain an analogous and fair insight, the performance of the proposed structure is compared with that is of the optimally designed miller-compensated two-stage amplifier. The post-layout simulations are accomplished with TSMC 180nm CMOS standard technology. The Spectre post-layout simulations show that the proposed structure outperforms the traditional structure in terms of power consumption and gain bandwidth product. The robustness of the design is checked with Monte Carlo simulations.
A. Zakipour, K. Aminzare, M. Salimi,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the presence of different model parameters and controlling variables, as well as the nonlinear nature of DC to AC inverters; stabilizing the closed-loop system for grid current balancing is a challenging task. To cope with these issues, a novel sliding mode controller is proposed for the current balancing of local loads using grid-connected inverters in this paper. The closed-loop system includes two different controlling loops: a current controller which regulates the output current of grid-connected inverter and a voltage controller which is responsible for DC link voltage regulation. The main features of the proposed nonlinear controller are reactive power compensation, harmonic filtering and three-phase balancing of local nonlinear loads. The developed controller is designed based on the state-space averaged modelling its stability and robustness are proved analytically using the Lyapunov stability theorem. The accuracy and effectiveness of proposed controlled approach are investigated through the PC-based simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.
G. Vasudeva, B. V. Uma,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Successive approximation register (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) architecture comprises submodules such as comparator, digital to analog converters (DAC), and SAR logic. Each of these modules imposes challenges as the signal makes transition from analog to digital and vice-versa. Design strategies for optimum design of circuits considering 22nm FinFET technology meeting area, timing, power requirements, and ADC metrics are presented in this work. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) based comparator, 12-bit two-stage segmented resistive string DAC architecture, and low power SAR logic are designed and integrated to form the ADC architecture with a maximum sampling rate of 1 GS/s. Circuit schematic is captured in cadence environment with optimum geometrical parameters and performance metrics of the proposed ADC are evaluated in MATLAB environment. Differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity metrics for the 12-bit ADC are limited to +1.15/-1 LSB and +1.22/-0.69 LSB respectively. ENOB of 10.1663 with SNR of 62.9613 dB is achieved for the designed ADC measured for conversion of input signal of 100 MHz with 20dB noise. ADC with sampling frequency up to 1 GSps is designed in this work with low power dissipation of less than 10 mW.
H. Yaghobi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (6-2023)
Abstract
For reliable operation, distance relays have to be blocked in case of stable power swings (SPSs). Because these relays are prone to detect an SPS as a symmetrical 3-phase fault according to their symmetric nature. It should be noted that there are zero and negative sequence components during asymmetrical faults. However, these components do not exist during stable fluctuations or symmetrical faults. Consequently, according to the symmetric nature of the stable fluctuation, the distance relay may experience maloperation. This article proposes a new technique to discriminate a symmetrical 3-phase fault from an SPS. The proposed technique is based on the extraction of the exponentially decaying DC component in the 3-phase current by using the MIMIC impedance. This technique can detect the symmetrical fault in less than a quarter of one power cycle. The suitability of the technique is shown by simulating various symmetrical faults during fast and slow SPS conditions.
