R. Gandotra, K. Pal,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (September 2022)
Abstract
The growing demand increases the maximum utilization of transmission and distribution lines which causes overloading, high losses, instability, contingency, and congestion. To enhance the performance of AC transmission and distribution systems FACTS devices are used. These devices assist in solving different issues of transmission lines such as instability, congestion, power flow, and power losses. Advancement in developed technology leads to the development of special application-based FACTS controllers. The main issues are concerned while placing the FACTS controller in the transmission and distribution lines to maximize the flow of power. Various methods like analytic method, arithmetic programming approaches, meta-heuristic optimization approaches, and hybrid approaches are being employed for the optimal location of FACTS controllers. This paper presents a review of various types of FACTS controllers available with both analytical and meta-heuristic optimization methods for the optimal placement of FACTS controllers. This paper also presents a review of various applications of FACTS devices such as stability improvement, power quality, and congestion management which are the main issues in smart power systems. Today’s smart power systems comprise the smart grids with smart meters and ensure continuous high quality of power to the consumers.
Rupika Gandotra, Kirti Pal,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (March 2026)
Abstract
The rising demand for electricity has led to the installation of renewable-based distributed generators in a power system network to meet the increasing load. The eco-friendly nature of these DGs is another compelling reason to incorporate them in a power system network but their installation process requires careful consideration such as determining the optimal quantity and location because these factors have a significant impact on various constraints and parameters of the power system network. The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal siting and sizing of Type-1 and Type-2 DGs in a power system network such that network has minimum real and reactive power losses in the transmission lines, also fuel cost of convectional generators is reduced and voltage profile is improved. For this purpose, hybrid GA-PSO approach is developed and implemented on case 33 bus system and results were compared under different loading conditions such as 100%, 150%, 200% to show which type of DG is most effective. Further, the evaluated results have been compared with other algorithms including OCDE, WOA, SFSA, TGA and EJSA in order to ensure the validity of the suggested approach. The numerical results validate the performance of this proposed technique for DG unit placement.
