International Journal of

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It is accepted that the visual comfort in schools depends on the quality of the whole visual environment. This leads to the concern upon the quality and quantity of lighting. Currently in Iran, in order to calculate energy transfer for public buildings a coefficient is usually used. This coefficient considers the rate of sunlight energy absorption in these kinds of buildings. To increase the degree of accuracy in the calculation mentioned above, the authors suggest a simulation programme that can do the job precisely and accordingly. It seems that, in order to calculate the energy requirements of school buildings in Iran for heating, cooling and lighting, it is better to use a simulation programme, too. In fact, this paper considers details of lighting as part of a comprehensive programme and Iran schools design requirements for lighting. As we will see, this research describes the method of calculation of daylighting, which is used in the part of lighting simulation programme. Effective daylighting design requires consideration of different factors such as daylight factor, luminous efficacy of solar radiation, orientation factor, glass transmittance factor, average reflectance of material and etc. which are need for calculation of exterior and interior luminance. They are discussed in details in this paper.

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Lighting plays a key role in night escapes of urban spaces, in a way that it can be effective in giving identity to them. By considering this importance and inexistence of a process for composing urban Lighting strategy made this study to be conducted by the objective of providing process for compilation of context-oriented lighting strategy in urban spaces. Reaching a suitable solution for Lighting in urban spaces, a process is needed which can encompass all different aspects in the context of lighting. In this way, a process is proposed via that this shortage can be compensated. This process, at first considers basic urban studies including historical, cultural, religious, social, ceremonial and land-use and then the design scenario is propounded and in order to investigate the urban spaces context via space syntax method, the integration parameter is used. Later on, guiding is propounded which can be analyzed by Intelligibility parameter from space syntax method. And also designing alternatives can be analyzed by space syntax method. By studying the organizer structure and its prioritizing, we could achieve the lighting originated from the context. The last part of process is based on observance of the topics related to light pollutions which has a very critical role in lighting. In this study the analytic-descriptive research method with modeling and simulation are applied to achieve a context-oriented lighting process in urban spaces. The results of this study are showing that the provided process can be applied practically for lighting by considering the urban context. So this study has practical aspects and it can create a suitable strategy for lighting urban design and planning.

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Orientation of classrooms is an important challenge in architectural design of a school. However, there is a lack of appropriate knowledge about influence of orientation on students’ perception of daylighting in classrooms. This paper presents a questionnaire survey that was conducted to compare students’ perception and satisfaction with daylighting in classrooms of a high school in Tabriz, Iran. Statistical analysis of responses was done to identify daylight factor and their relationships with satisfaction with daylighting in northern and southern classrooms. In southern classrooms, satisfaction with daylighting had significantly negative and positive correlation with perception of reflected and direct glare, respectively. In northern classrooms, perception of unified daylight and control of sunlight overheating by operable windows had significantly strong and positive correlation with satisfaction with daylighting, respectively. The students’ seating location had significant influence on satisfaction with daylighting and perception of direct glare in southern classrooms. In northern classrooms, students’ seating location caused different perception of reflected glare. The results showed that orientation did not lead to significant difference between satisfactions with daylighting in northern and southern classrooms. Although, in southern classrooms, the mean votes of satisfaction with daylighting was higher than northern classrooms.

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This study aims to investigate how lighting design can be used as an environmental design feature within historic sites in cities to turn a space into a place through placemaking processes. Accordingly, the research question is: What artificial lighting design aspects need to be taken into account in historic sites within cities through a placemaking process? Naghshe-Jahan Square’s in Isfahan, Iran, is chosen as the case study as it is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This research uses ethnographic research methods as a qualitative research method for collecting data about the lighting scheme of Naghshe-Jahan Square. Based on the main aim of placemaking which is to Strengthen people’s connection with the public places they share in order to maximize shared value, this research uses two ethnographical techniques; behavior observation and semi structured interviews with the visitors of the historic site. Accordingly, people’s behaviors and interaction with the site and their opinions on how the lighting of the site makes them feel and facilitates their needs is collected. The findings of this study suggest that artificial lighting can positively influence turning historic sites to places at night-time and accordingly improve the quality of people’s lives in cities.

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Light significantly affects human physiological and psychological dimensions, particularly emotions, which play a key role in mental health. Exploring the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of light and emotional or affective states in indoor architectural spaces is essential due to the substantial time people spend in such environments. However, a comprehensive study that integrates and summarizes existing knowledge in this field is still lacking. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence and identify research gaps. A total of 4,897 records were identified using relevant keywords from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and APA PsycINFO. The review followed the Prisma 2020 guidelines. After screening (kappa = 0.784) and assessing eligibility based on PICOS criteria, 14 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and authors’ consensus. Reviewing references led to the inclusion of one additional article. All 15 studies were rated as of acceptable quality, and their data were extracted. The findings reveal that most prior studies have evaluated the effects of Illuminance, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT), Lighting Color, and Lighting Distribution or Direction on Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) in predominantly administrative, commercial, or educational indoor spaces. Generally, all PAD dimensions are directly correlated with Illuminance level, and Arousal is directly related to CCT. Furthermore, the combination of direct and indirect Lighting and relatively complex lighting Distribution increase Pleasure, and Colored light heightens Arousal while reducing Dominance. Identified research gaps underscore the need for future studies focusing on artificial lighting dependent on interior architectural form, indoor natural light, residential environments, and the use of behavioral and neurophysiological indicators for emotion evaluation.