International Journal of

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Abu Hamed Mohammad al-Ghazālī was a mystic, jurist, and theologian who lived in the fifth century AH and significantly influenced Iranian culture. His most significant work is Iḥyaʾ ʿŪlum al-Dīnʾ, written in his seclusion period to revive religious knowledge, with the subject being applied knowledge. Therefore, it can be regarded as an architectural information reference. This research is dedicated to understanding al-Ghazālī’s principles for architecture and its status in Iḥyaʾ. It was done by the Historical-Interpretation approach, reading and interpreting the original text of Iḥyaʾ, and that is why just for mentioning the evidence and having an improved perception of Iḥyaʾ, other al-Ḡhazālī’s books and references were used.
The outcome of this research is two architectural categories from Iḥyaʾ. These are form and content and the rules of architecture. In al-Ghazali’s opinion, the craftsmen, along with other people, can also make the spiritual journey based on their crafts. He has to do his crafts with the ḏhekr (God’s Remembrance), Seek the real contents from the world's forms, construct as an implication to the most beloved, God, and construct the world to construct his hereafter.

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Nowadays, urbanization is growing increasingly and cities are going to be more complicated than ever including local-global duality. On one hand, Cities are not limited to their geographical boundaries. Neoliberal globalization, which has been rapidly expanding since the late 1980s in the economic circle, places the world into a money game and cities into competition with each other. On the other hand, there are some influential forces on a local scale that determine the urban evolutions. Regarding these two global-local factors, non-powerful groups are neglected increasingly from urban transformation and main projects. This article reviews the “everyday life” concept in spaces through Lefebvre’s writings and draws its dimensions and criteria through descriptive- analytical study. How could everyday life be explained in the current architectural and urban transformation? Surely, Urban evolutions could affect everyday life. After that, it reviews the transformation of Valiasr intersection through historical- interpretation study. Valiasr intersection is the most important intersection in Tehran. It is considered as the spatial gap of Tehran, separating the “high status” and the “low status. Recently, an underpass project for pedestrians was built in this intersection. The results show that this urban transformation is mainly defined by administrational- status forces in the absence of social ones which mainly consider the economic- ideological aspects. It reduces social inclusion and social participation. Following that, this important project could not improve the everyday life of Tehran.

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Design is a fundamental, problem-oriented, purposeful, and comprehensive activity. Despite the widespread use of computers in architecture, more than three decades after their introduction, the design process is still predominantly carried out by humans, starting with hand-drawn sketches which are later translated into digital formats via software. This is due to the fact that computers lack inherent design intuition, which remains a significant challenge in automating the architectural design process. This study aims to explore a novel approach that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for the automatic generation of architectural plans. The goal is to develop a system capable of producing designs that meet user requirements while adhering to established rules, regulations, and design standards. The central hypothesis of this research posits that by combining evolutionary algorithms with machine learning techniques, it is possible to create a process that allows machines to approximate a form of design intuition. The methodology of this research includes a combination of literature review, documentation analysis, and quantitative data analysis. The study employs genetic algorithms, supervised learning algorithms, and Python libraries. The findings indicate that using feature vectors for supervised learning can facilitate the identification of optimal designs, thereby introducing a degree of "relative intuition" into machines. Additionally, the application of genetic algorithms for exploring the design space and optimizing plans based on the dimensions of the user's land proves to be effective. Finally, by storing design process experiences through algorithms, it is possible to create a foundation for reinforcement learning, which improves the system’s performance over time. In conclusion, the study presents the Automated Design Intelligence (ADI) Theory as a new theoretical framework for automating architectural design, offering a potential shift in how design processes can be approached through AI and machine learning.