en Architecture Architecture Research Paper Research Paper <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color: black; --darkreader-inline-color: var(--darkreader-text-000000, #e8e6e3);"><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">This paper aims to identify the design cycles through which housing complex environments may support residents&rsquo; self-actualization and well-being. A mixed-methods design was employed across three sequential phases: Delphi analysis, user surveying, and correlation-based modeling. In the first phase, a literature review and expert interviews were analyzed using Grounded Theory in conjunction with the Delphi method to extract key dimensions of residential design associated with self-actualization. In the second phase, expert and user survey data were analyzed using factor analysis to identify the structural components of the proposed design model. In the final phase, structural relationships among these components were examined using causal modeling to develop an integrated framework of housing design components associated with self-actualization. The analysis identified four participatory cycles: Creative Participation in Space, Interactive Spatial Events, Environmentally Participatory Events, and Collaborative and Discoverable Space. These cycles demonstrate how spatial, social, and perceptual characteristics of housing environments interact to structure opportunities for both individual and collective engagement. The findings suggest that self-actualization in housing environments can be understood as an emergent, spatially mediated process shaped by recursive interactions between design components, social participation, and environmental experience. By integrating architectural configuration with patterns of interaction and perception, the study offers a causal framework for understanding how participatory and adaptive spatial systems may contribute to residents&rsquo; well-being and self-actualization.</span></span></i></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Self-actualization, Housing complexes, Participatory design cycles, Well-being, Housing design, Causal modeling. 0 0 http://ijaup.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-2086-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elahe Mohajer ellie.mohajer@gmail.com 180031947532846008739 180031947532846008739 Yes Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Hamidreza Azemati Azemati@sru.ac.ir 180031947532846008740 180031947532846008740 No Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran Khosro Movahed khosro.movahed@udc.edu 180031947532846008741 180031947532846008741 No Department of Architecture and Urban Sustainability, University of the District of Columbia, Washington DC, USA